To study this coordination of certain sounds with certain meanings is to study language”. According to Bloomfield, “In human speech, different sounds have different meanings. A lot of research is going on to establish if the animals also have similar conventionalised arrangement in their expression. Sounds and Signals – Sounds produced by human beings differ from the ‘signal-like’ sounds and actions of the animals. It is a conventional arrangement between the speaker and the listener.ĥ. There should be a corresponding situation for the language to operate upon. Operation of Language – As language has relevance only in social context, it is necessary for its operation, that a social necessity or scenario exists. It is the society, that in its turn, bestows meaning towards and idioms by conventionalising them to mean what they mean today to a group or a community, in a variety of complex contexts.Ĥ. As “language is activity, a purposeful activity”, it must help man to express himself in a variety of new and different kinds of situations. With widening range and horizon of human thought and action, the language has to keep in step with its social calling. Language and Society – “Language is one of the most important and characteristic forms of human behaviour”. In this process of change and growth, language acquires new shape, new approach, new significance and new application.ģ. As the human utterances became complex and varied, a language to be living must move with the group, must grow with the group, should be alive to their needs and aspirations. It responds to the demands and requirements of the group that it represents. Living Language – As seen earlier, a language undergoes a continuous and unnoticed change for its refinement and depth. This communication, therefore, has to be from man to man, from a person to another person by means of speech, and hearing. It restricts itself to recognised expression and communication to or from human beings by means of speech and hearing. It is distinct from the sign language even amongst the humans at any point of social and biological evolution. Language is speech – Language is speech and is distinct from the signs, gestures and sounds produced by animals or pets to convey a particular feeling or emotion. Hence language is one of the most important and characteristic form of human behaviour we use words and idioms as tool to perform and share experience among a people possible.ġ. It is through language that we think, feel, judge and express. Words used and understood by a considerable community, especially when fixed and elaborated by long usage a tongue” (Webster).Ī language consists of words, idioms and syntax. Tongue and adjacent vocal organs… The body of words and methods of combining “A language is “audible, articulate human speech as produced by the action of the “A language is a device that establishes sound-meaning correlations, pairing meanings with signals to enable people to exchange ideas through observable sequences of sound” (Ronals W. “A language (is a) symbol system… based on pure or arbitrary Convention… infinitely extendable and modifiable according to the l bunging needs and conditions of the speakers” (R. Information…a form of social behaviour… (with a) high degree of convention” (J.Ħ. Language is human…a verbal systematic symbolism… a means of transmitting “A system of communication by sound i.e., through the organs of speech and hearing, among human beings of a certain group or community, using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventioal meanings.” (Mario A Pei & Frank Gaynor).ĥ. “Language may be defined as the expression of thought by means of speech-sounds” (Henry Sweet).Ĥ. “Language, in its widest sense, means the sum total of such signs of our thoughts and feelings as are capable of external perception and as could be produced and repeated at will” (A. “Language is a primarily human and non- instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols” (Sapir).Ģ. “language may be said to be any means of expression or mental concepts by any living beings whatsoever and of communicating them to, or receiving them from, other living beings.”ġ. ![]() Language undergoes a continuous, though unnoticed, process of growth and change. Language is called a social phenomenon, because it has relevance only in a social setting. Strategy- Anthropology optional for UPSC.Previous years Question Papers – Paper II.Previous years Question Papers – Paper I.Anthropology Topic Wise Previous Years Question Papers – Paper II.Anthropology Topic Wise Previous Years Question Papers – Paper I. ![]() ![]()
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